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📊 Asset Types

Instruments differ in the real world — how they are priced, whether they pay income, how they are taxed — and the detail pages below cover those differences. Inside LibreFolio every asset carries exactly one asset type, and the type is a classification read in three places: it chooses the icon and the label you see, it decides where the asset is counted in the allocation charts, and it names the bucket the asset falls into when a stress scenario shocks the portfolio by asset class. INDEX is, in addition, the one type that accepts no transactions.

The taxonomy has two levels. Most types stand on their own; two of them — ETF and Crowdfunding — are families, whose members also state what the instrument contains.

📋 Base Types

Type Code Description
Stock STOCK Equity shares in a single company. Prices are typically fetched from public exchanges. 📖
ETF ETF Exchange Traded Fund of mixed or unstated content (balanced, multi-asset) — the generic member of the ETF family. 📖
Bond BOND Fixed-income securities representing a loan to a borrower (government or corporate). 📖
Crypto CRYPTO Digital currencies and tokens (Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc.). 📖
Fund FUND Mutual funds and other professionally managed investment funds. 📖
Crowdfund CROWDFUND Peer-to-peer and business crowdfunding loans, often valued via scheduled interest payments — the generic member of the Crowdfunding family. 📖
Held asset HOLD Assets without automatic market pricing: art, collectibles, shares of unlisted companies. —
Commodity COMMODITY Physical goods and their direct exposures: gold, oil, agricultural products. 📖
Real estate REAL_ESTATE Property exposure: REITs and other listed real-estate vehicles. 📖
Index INDEX Market indexes (S&P 500, MSCI World) used as reference benchmarks — not directly tradeable, so no transactions are allowed. 📖
Other OTHER Any asset the types above do not describe. 📖

A type is one label per asset: a balanced ETF is counted whole under ETF, never split into its equity and bond parts. Looking through an instrument is the job of its sector and geographic distributions, not of its type.

🧬 Families and Subtypes

A subtype answers a single question: which base type does this instrument contain? The second level is therefore not a parallel taxonomy — it is the set of base types, seen through a wrapper. The generic member of each family (ETF, CROWDFUND) remains a valid choice in its own right: it is the residual for mixed or unstated content, and the type menu lists it first in its family, with a hint that says so.

A subtype's icon is its family's icon with a small disc in the corner — a pastille — showing its content: the container says what the instrument is, the pastille what it holds. The pastille is the icon of the base type the subtype contains; the money market ETF, which contains no base type, borrows the liquidity icon. Wherever LibreFolio draws the type icon, a subtype shows its composite — an asset with a custom icon keeps its own.

📦 ETF Family

Type Code Contains Rolls up to
ETF ETF Mixed or unstated content — the generic member ETF (itself)
Equity ETF ETF_STOCK Stocks STOCK
Bond ETF ETF_BOND Bonds BOND
Commodity ETF ETF_COMMODITY Commodities COMMODITY
Real estate ETF ETF_REAL_ESTATE Real estate REAL_ESTATE
Crypto ETF ETF_CRYPTO Crypto assets CRYPTO
Money market ETF ETF_MONETARY Money-market instruments ETF_MONETARY (itself — see below)

The instrument itself is described on the ETFs page.

🤝 Crowdfunding Family

Type Code Contains Rolls up to
Crowdfund CROWDFUND P2P and business lending — the generic member CROWDFUND (itself)
Real estate crowdfunding CROWDFUND_REAL_ESTATE Loans backed by property projects REAL_ESTATE

Both are described on the P2P / Crowdfunding page.

⚖️ Two Views of One Instrument

The two levels answer two different questions, and LibreFolio keeps them apart.

  • The container view — what kind of instrument is it? — is the family. The type menu groups by family, the icon keeps the family's shape, and the label says Equity ETF: that is the instrument you actually own.
  • The content view — what am I exposed to? — is the roll-up: a subtype belongs with the base type it contains. An equity ETF and a share are both equity exposure, and to the question am I as diversified as I think? the wrapper says nothing.

Formally, let \(c\) send every subtype to the base type it contains, and every other type — the generic members and ETF_MONETARY included — to itself. The weight of a content class \(k\) is then

\[ W_k = \sum_{i \,:\, c(\tau_i) = k} w_i \]

where \(\tau_i\) is the type of holding \(i\) and \(w_i\) its weight in the portfolio. The same sum taken over the family map instead of \(c\) — every ETF subtype to ETF, CROWDFUND_REAL_ESTATE to CROWDFUND, every other type to itself — gives the weight of each family, the container view's counterpart. The type badge follows the content: an Equity ETF badge is blue, like a Stock badge. How the dashboard presents allocation by type is described in the Allocation Panel.

Two exceptions deserve a sentence each:

  • ETF_MONETARY rolls up to itself. A money market fund has no base type to roll up to: cash is an account balance, not an asset that is bought, so it is not an asset type. ETF would bury the fund among mixed funds, and Liquidity is not an asset type at all — it is the allocation bucket in which LibreFolio counts your cash balance, separately. In the content view the money market ETF is therefore a class of its own, and its badge has a colour of its own.
  • CROWDFUND_REAL_ESTATE has two answers. In the content view it contains real estate and belongs to the Real estate class; in stress scenarios it is shocked as the loan it is.

🌪️ Types in Stress Scenarios

A stress scenario that shocks the portfolio by asset class treats every code as its own bucket — there, a subtype is never folded into its content class. In the defaults of the two built-in asset-class scenarios, Equity crash and Global risk-off, each ETF subtype carries exactly the shock of the base type it holds, while the generic ETF keeps a blended shock of its own, because its content is unstated; ETF_MONETARY is not shocked.

The one deliberate departure is CROWDFUND_REAL_ESTATE, which moves like CROWDFUND rather than like REAL_ESTATE: a crowdfunding loan is illiquid and not marked to market, and its risk is a default that arrives late. The reasoning, and its known limit, are on the P2P / Crowdfunding page.

Every bucket shock of those scenarios is editable, and a bucket left unconfigured is shocked by zero — see Hypothetical Shock.